However, when symptoms are more frequent prescription medication may be needed to control the condition and prevent complications.There are a large range of oral manifestations that have been reported in patients with Diabetes. In these patients symptoms may be controlled by lifestyle measures and occasional over the counter medications. Symptoms may occur once or twice a month usually after a triggering factor like a high fat or spicy meal or after a particularly heavy meal. Instead, they may experience a dry cough, asthma symptoms, or difficulty in swallowing. Most children under 12 years with GERD, and some adults, have GERD without heartburn or other common symptoms. In some patients seepage of acid into the lungs may lead to pneumonia, lung abscess, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. There may be pain over the abdomen and bloating in some individuals. Thus tooth decay may be seen in patients of GERD. This is outer hard, white layer of the tooth. Persistent effects of the acid in the mouth lead to decaying and erosion of the enamel of the teeth. This occurs due to irritation of the linings of the airways. If the acid seeps into the airways, it may lead to worsening of symptoms of asthma and cause wheezing. This leads to laryngitis and manifests as a hoarse and raspy voice. Seepage of the acid into the wind pipe may lead to inflammation of the larynx or voice box. Some patients experience water brash or excessive salivation.Д¬hest pain from GERD may mimic a heart attack or pain from angina. There may be repeated burping in some individuals.

In 6 to 10% of patients with chronic cough, GERD is the underlying cause. This occurs because the back of the throat is irritated. Some patients may experience nausea and some may even vomit due to persistent back pressure on the esophagus.ДЄ persistent regurgitation of the acid into the throat and back of the mouth particularly at night may lead to a persistent dry cough. People with GERD-associated difficulty in swallowing feel like a piece of food has become stuck somewhere near their breastbone. This causes difficulty in food to pass through and leads to dysphagia. As the ulcers heal they may lead to narrowing of the esophagus and scarring. This esophagitis may progress to open ulcers and sores. This happens when long term acid exposure leads to irritation and inflammation of the inner linings of the esophagus causing esophagitis. Swallowing problemsДЄround a third of individuals with GERD may suffer from swallowing problems or dysphagia. This causes a sour or bitter taste at the back of the mouth or throat. This leads to reflux of the acid from the stomach into the back of the mouth. This back pressure yields the sphincter and causes reflux of the acid.

This causes back pressure over the lower esophageal sphincter that guards the entry of the stomach. The pain worsens after eating or when bending over or lying down. The pain is caused due to irritation of the inner lining of the esophagus by the acid that has seeped back. Heartburn refers to a feeling of discomfort or burning pain that occurs beneath the breast bone. The most frequent symptoms are heart burn and discomfort in the chest.ДЄlthough symptoms of the condition are varied they may be characterized by three cardinal features вЂ“ heart burn, acid reflux or regurgitation in the mouth and difficulty swallowing.

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is one of the most common digestive disorders. Ananya Mandal, MD Reviewed by April Cashin-Garbutt, MA (Editor)

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